What role does the endocrine system play in human physiology?

The endocrine system plays a crucial role in controlling growth and reproduction through the release of hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues, regulating numerous physiological processes. For example, during puberty, hormones such as testosterone and estrogen promote the development of secondary sexual characteristics and facilitate reproductive functions.

Additionally, the endocrine system influences growth by regulating metabolism and energy levels through hormones like growth hormone and thyroid hormones. This regulation ensures that an individual develops properly from childhood into adulthood, as well as maintaining reproductive health and function throughout life.

While other systems in the body, like the digestive or urinary systems, are responsible for eliminating waste, providing energy, or supporting immune functions, these processes are not the primary role of the endocrine system.